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ۣйΪ
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ӢȻ200661

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ԿвΪĵأʹ߱˱Ҫĳоר
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ϢпһհףҲзգȻ441, 392-393; 
2006׵رζΪһܹƵָغͷָصΣϷ
ڸʵʵĲΪ

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Ψһİ취ҪȽͨӵöࡣҪй
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Editorial
Nature 441, 549-550 (1 June 2006) | doi:10.1038/441549b; Published 
online 31 May 2006

Finding fraud in China
As Chinese research expands, who is looking out for faked results?

The investigation of research misconduct is always fraught with 
difficulty, even if the necessary protocols and experienced expert 
committees are fully in place. In China, they are not. If the nation 
is to get to grips with the problem of misconduct as it becomes a 
substantial scientific power, that situation has to change.

Chinese research agencies do have structures for investigating 
misconduct allegations, but in the absence of open discussion and 
independent press scrutiny, few researchers have much faith in them. 
The rapid and open exchange of information over the Internet has some 
potential to fill the void, but it also carries risks (see Nature 441, 
392C393; 2006). It could readily break down into a dangerous game of 
unregulated accusation and counter-accusation, shedding no light on 
actual misconduct.

The power of the Internet in identifying scientific fraud was amply 
demonstrated last year in the case of Woo Suk Hwang, the discredited 
South Korean cloning researcher. Online portals discussed suspicious 
images and data in Hwang's papers, ultimately leading Seoul National 
University to pursue an investigation that exposed Hwang's fabrications. 
And Internet postings of allegations that Jin Chen faked 
digital-processing chips contributed to his dismissal from Shanghai 
Jiaotong University last month.

The Internet can play a particularly important role in countries such 
as China and South Korea that do not have adequate systems for 
investigating misconduct allegations. That isn't to say that countries 
with systems in place are totally on top of the problem, but at least 
they have developed some of the institutions and protocols needed to 
handle it.

Organizations charged with assessing allegations of scientific 
misconduct do exist in China, and on paper the system appears 
functional  but there is no evidence that it really works. China 
lacks an independent press to report on such matters. The very size of 
the country and subsequent disparate implementation of policies set in 
Beijing make matters worse.

In addition, the cultural importance of 'saving face' in Chinese 
society makes the full-frontal public attacks that tend to 
characterize Western misconduct allegations almost unthinkable. There 
are no effective provisions to protect whistleblowers, so it is hard 
to believe that anyone who observes misconduct would summon the 
courage to report it to the authorities.

It is in this climate that New Threads, a Chinese-language Internet 
site run by a single researcher based in San Diego, has come to play a 
significant role in the monitoring of scientific conduct. This 
arrangement is deeply problematic, however.

In China's recent history, 'bottom up' accusations have often been 
abused by the authorities to persecute perceived enemies of the state. 
This was especially true during the Cultural Revolution, when simply 
pasting a poster on the wall calling someone a 'bourgeois' could 
destroy their livelihood. The threat of innocent people being branded 
as 'pseudoscientists', either by a jealous rival or by the state, 
further clouds the misconduct picture in China.

The only real solution to this problem is a great deal more complex 
than hooking up to an Internet connection. It requires the 
establishment of independent offices in Chinese research agencies, 
rather like the inspector general's office at the US National Science 
Foundation, or the Office of Research Integrity at the US health 
department. The system can only operate effectively if it offers 
protection to whistleblowers. It also requires a new generation of 
scientists to be educated in what constitutes proper scientific conduct. 
And it needs to ensure that investigations give anyone accused the 
opportunity to demonstrate their innocence.

China is struggling to come to terms with these kinds of requirements 
in society at large, as well as within the scientific community. For a 
multiplicity of reasons  of which the desire for scientific progress 
is just one  addressing them ought to be the government's greatest 
priority. 

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ѧ뷢չ磨SciDev.NetۣйӸοѧթ

Ӣԭӣ
http://www.scidev.net/Editorials/index.cfm?fuseaction=readEditorials&itemid=192&language=1

ԭӣ62Ч
http://www.scidev.net/chinese/gateway/index.cfm?fuseaction=editorials.article&itemid=192

31 May 2006 

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David Dicksonǿѧ뷢չ磨SciDev.Netĸ
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ԴԡȻ־NatureӢѧ뷢չ(SciDev.Net)ּ
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(XYS20060602)

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1Gi Xue, Quinpin Dai and Shuangen JiangJ. Am. Chem. Soc.,110, 2393 
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   Chemical reactions of imidazole with metallic silver studied by the 
use of SERS IR and XPS

2Xue Qi, Liu Shi-ying, Huang Xue-ying, Sun Biao, Zhang Pen-xiang, Li 
Xiu-ying and Guo Wei-li;
   Chinese Science Bulletin34131090 1989
   Coordination polymerization of imidazole on the surface of metallic 
silver studied by the use of SERS IR and XPS

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http://fdp.net.cn/qwjd/20041127/qwjd0-8-43.htmlϵĽܣòƷ
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http://www.qingdaonews.com/content/2004-08/09/content_3482492.htm
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http://www.stdaily.com/gb/development/2005-12/01/content_461361.htm
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ժȡ겡°ͺղ롱ʹϵ
ൺ 2004-08-09 11:44:33
http://www.qingdaonews.com/content/2004-08/09/content_3482492.htm


   
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ί

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ȽҵָꡣΪڶѪܲ򲡻ߴ˿ϣ


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ֹŷ¾ģһҪժȡʹҫ۵ǿ顪ڷFDP
۵һۻȻFDPֻע䣬ڷЧ

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˳ֵĿ϶ͼ߶ȵۣŵϹ콱̨1993ٻ񡶹
չʾᡷ𽱡ɹӢ˴롶
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ٻŵġϹƼԭ뵱ʱй
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͸һFDPƽϽھһԶա˵ÿγԺ󣬾
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    FDPƽѾ鼰ĴϱӮ׿ԽĿ
ϺݡݵȵسصĶϻȫѪ
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    FDP ƽڱϺݡ졢ϡɶʯׯ
ݡ³ľ롢̫ԭ֣ݵȫ22ʡѯ
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ƷϾٰġ1жƻ͹ȫձչ


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Ǹ  
http://www.stdaily.com/gb/development/2005-12/01/content_461361.htm

2004ϾʥŵƼʵҵ޹˾侭̣Ʒֳ
ᡢϡ˾վ;УԸƽƵλ
̼оĵдʹŷƽʱ
ӦܡŸӵרҵФ˲Ӱ졣Ϊˣ
ʥŵƼʵҵ޹˾ΪƽҵҵϵרҺ
λʾǸ⣬ŵһǿ;̵Ĺžٴη

ϾʥŵƼʵҵ޹˾ʮһ¶ʮ  

(XYS20060602)

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Ȩ˿

ߣ̫ƽ֮

ԪڵĹ֮һĹź͡Ȼ̸һϵ
ΧνѧٵۡһȨ淶˿
ֽ׶ѧеĶλ˸оһЩʶ̫ȷ
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ڶеĬָءκȫܹнͳ
ƽӦ˾ƽɣͲ󵽽ĵزͬ
ԪͳƽҪκЧİ취ָأָ
˿ ܸ桱ɢҥԡȺ

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(XYS20060602)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

˿ġɱ

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Һܺ棬Ϊʲô˿ΪһԿѧн¶ʹٵվ
⵽ذĽ֮һǣںýɱ̫󡱡
˿Ĺġ⾫Ӣ˵ȨͬһСֹڵ
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ͳһսߡ

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˿վһǶʲô˵ġҡ

ԸѧоĶ˵Ȩ־Ϸ¡øޱ֮
࣬һ˵ġҡˡôȨ־ı༭͡ޱ
ίǻܵ˿վרҵĻ˵Ӱҿᣬƾ
Ȩ͡ޱ־ʹ˿ѧϽ̤ʵĵ˿վ
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ġĵýҲ뿿۸ıЩ綥Ӣ뷨غգý
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ѧɹĹҵӦһӪḻġҡɡ˵ҵӦã
ѧоҲЩǵĹʦͬСֻһλڸ˵
ҵûʲôѧֵµ߶Զµоɹʦ
ȴ˵־ϵ¶ǲļоͿĳɹǽ
û˵ģֻǵ²÷˭ԣ˭ǶԼжϡ
֪ѧɹĹҵӦҪͶ޴ʽԴΪ˱ʽ
ԴİȫЧãͶмѧϸͶŵ
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ӪḻġҡҲѰ

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ĿѧʣһЩԶδĳɹЩʵ͵ͷת򣬴
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ɱĴϣѪҲᷢʹİСý
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һ仰һжᱨġ

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㡢ߺġҡĸѧʽ𡣹Աǡ
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ԱǶסҡǵְڡ

ѧʽķƶȺͰ취ģĿǰĿЩƶȡ
취ʵǻ׶԰ˮƽ취ѧ͸
Աݬ롣ǺӢǾӢǲеģ
Ӣǵ̷ӵ쾡ºܿ췢ƶȰŵ©Ūˡ
İ취ͿԣǶӰδġҡ
ĿְưװֽӲӵĳɹڡĿ
ʽ𡱡ǳڵʽ𱻶Ѫ㱻ߡڵ
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Ϊ͹ϵĴ̺Զʹ

ͼֹҡʧǿٱͶߡ󲿷
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ѹס˾󲿷ֿ˳ͶЧֻнý˿
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û뵽˿ΪýڻҡоȻP
Ľǿɱѹ־ӢͲֲԱᾪɱ
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˵﷽ӿסˣƮѩԩҷĳһɱ
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ԩһ㲻Թ

ʽ䣬Ŀȱ͸ȲߣǼۺͲ
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(XYS20060602)

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Ըһ䣬ںͿΰƪ(XYS20041215)ͬ
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ĻƣҪȫԼԡеȨĻԲ
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𰸿Դйеľҡйоѷ䣬ͬ⡣ǣ
Ȼѧȥ20ʷʵĻƽԺй
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1.	йȻѧƺйĿǰĿƼ
ԽϺõģҪĽĵط

2.	йȻѧͿƼȽҵƻû
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3.	йѧȻڽصѧ˺͸󣬵õĴ
ΣЧֶΡ

4. й淶ѧ˴ƣййѧԹƽ
Ӧͨоתҵڱûй
ڵⲢйеģȽƼȲǴˡҲ
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йѧĹ۲죬ڶйѧоչԶǿĻ
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ԡѧ˺͸йĿǰΪأɶ෽
صĺγɵģԴˣǰ˿ġѧ׷˼¼
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˵ʵʩΪͼˣҪй淶Ļ
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һãʹҪĳЩ̺ͽҲԸõ
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൱һʵĺ岻εСƷ˴ʵĺ壩оÿ
Ȼ൫ʵüЧԽϺãڹڲߵۣ
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1.	Ȼ߸˽´绰ҪչڲΪӦ
ӦĳͽƣĿǰʹı˵Ϊ
Ȼѧ߽ӵ˱ߵĵ绰һߵ棬Ҳ
ΪһǲƽģΪǹȻѧ
ƺɵġĪǺΪЩ绰ֻȻѧ
ʱŻ𣿴˵绰漰Ŀһǲ


2.	ȻͬҲܳĳЩ⣬ĿǰԺձϿ
ʹҲֻڡҪĽĵطʵй淶ͬ
ƶȣиרһ߶Ŀƫƫ̻֮Ĳ
ãйȻѧƺҪԽ
һЩױ쵼ִԱٿصĿоѹ֮ڡ

3.	Ϊ;ܳѧȡ˽˵ѧ
ɾͣɳΪѧѧͷˡǵȺ30˵ѡΪй
ѧԺԺʿйԺԺʿӽпԺԺʿѡ50µ
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Ϊһ߻ȻѧȽ15൱һ
ڹشоĿشоƻеϯѧһѧͷˣһЩ
ڿƼ쵼λҪáȻίԱγԺʿ
2004.11һ仰ʵ˹٣оΪȻѧ
ı׶ǻƵġȻѧ˺Ƿоѧ
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ĿԺȥپΪ˷˿ʽ𣬻оѧƴͷ
ˡԺʿġ١ԺͲУǲǿЦġ

߻Ϊ;ıҪĳЩѾʵʿй˼
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ѧƺڷֹͼ١ٸ󾭷ѡСٸСѡ޹
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4.	;ΪпԺĳоԱʵ
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ĿڼеĿǺ޵ѵпԺоһҪͼоԱ
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ʥҲίԱһ(XYS20060526))µǸܵȥɢɢ
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ԡȶĽ

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